Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, but early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival rates. Screening mammograms are capable of detecting the earliest stages of breast cancer before any physical symptoms appear, but being aware of the signs and symptoms is crucial for prompt medical consultation when that is not the case. Here’s what you should know about recognizing the signs and symptoms of breast cancer:
1. Unusual lumps or thickening
The most common sign of breast cancer is the presence of a new lump or mass in the breast tissue. While not all lumps are cancerous, any new or unusual mass should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. A cancerous lump is typically painless, hard, and irregular in shape. It is particularly worrisome if the lump is fixed to the chest wall or the overlying skin.
2. Changes in breast size or shape
Any noticeable change in the size or shape of the breast could be a sign of breast cancer. This could present as swelling of all or part of the breast, even without a distinct lump. It’s important to pay attention to subtle changes in symmetry, especially if one breast starts to look different from the other.
3. Skin changes
Some types of breast cancer can cause visible changes to the skin covering the breast:
- Dimpling or Pitting: Often described as looking like an orange peel, this can indicate a type of breast cancer known as inflammatory breast cancer. This type of breast cancer can mimic mastitis and is usually associated with pain and swelling.
- Redness or Scaling: Skin on or around the nipple that becomes flaky, scaly, crusty, or hardened can indicated a type of breast cancer called Paget’s disease. This type of breast cancer can mimic eczema and is usually associated with itching or burning.
4. Nipple discharge
Nipple discharge is a rare symptom of breast cancer, and the vast majority of nipple discharge is due to benign causes, but any new discharge from the nipple that isn’t related to breastfeeding should be checked. Suspicious nipple discharge is only on one side, spontaneous, clear or bloody in nature, and associated with nipple inversion or a mass.
5. Inverted or retracted nipples
If the nipple starts to turn inward or retract when it typically doesn’t, this can be a sign of breast cancer. Other changes in the nipple’s appearance, such as crusting or thickening, should also be evaluated.
6. Breast or nipple pain
While most early breast cancers do not cause pain, some people do experience discomfort or tenderness. Persistent pain that is localized to one spot in the breast should be taken seriously.
7. Lymph node changes
Breast cancer can spread to lymph nodes, even before the original tumor is large enough to be felt. Swelling or lumps under the arm or around the collarbone should be assessed.
Why regular screening matters
Screening can detect cancer before any physical symptoms appear, improving the chances of successful treatment. Regular screening is also important so there is a baseline against which new mammograms can be compared, especially when new symptoms appear, so that subtle changes can be detected.
Steps to take if you notice symptoms
If you observe any of these signs, the first step should be contacting your primary care provider or OB-GYN to get a diagnostic mammogram scheduled. You should also schedule an appointment for a clinical breast exam. Your provider may recommend additional imaging tests or a biopsy to determine if the changes are benign or cancerous.
Being familiar with the signs of breast cancer empowers you to take prompt action. Regular self-exams, routine screenings, and paying attention to changes in your breast health can be lifesaving. Understanding risk factors can also help! Remember, not every change means cancer, but it’s always better to be cautious and seek medical advice when something doesn’t feel right.
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If you’ve been diagnosed with breast cancer, you want the reassurance of knowing you can receive the care you need, close to home. At NGHS, you can find the advanced treatment options needed for breast cancer.