If you’ve been told you need a hysterectomy, you probably have a lot of questions—especially about what to expect afterward. A hysterectomy is a common surgery to remove the uterus. In some cases, it may also include removing other reproductive organs, such as the cervix, ovaries and fallopian tubes. This procedure is typically done to address conditions like uterine fibroids, endometriosis, uterine prolapse, abnormal uterine bleeding, chronic pelvic pain or even cancer. While the idea of surgery may feel scary and overwhelming, understanding how your body may change after a hysterectomy can help you be more prepared for recovery and life after surgery.
Immediate physical changes
- Your periods will stop: After a hysterectomy, you won’t have a menstrual period anymore. That’s because the uterus, which plays a key role in your monthly cycle, is removed during the surgery.
- Post-surgical discomfort: It’s normal for you to experience pain and fatigue following the surgery. The intensity and duration of discomfort you may experience depends on the type of hysterectomy performed:
- Robotic/laparoscopic or vaginal hysterectomy: These are minimally invasive approaches, done through your vagina (vaginal hysterectomy) or small incisions in your abdomen with the help of a small camera and surgical instruments (robotic/laparoscopic hysterectomy). This usually means shorter recovery times and less postoperative pain.
- Abdominal hysterectomy: This involves a larger incision in your abdomen, leading to a longer recovery period.
- Vaginal discharge: Some light vaginal bleeding or discharge is common. This can last for up to six weeks after surgery. As you heal, use sanitary pads, instead of tampons, to lowerthe risk of infection.
Hormonal changes
- Onset of menopause: If your ovaries are removed during the hysterectomy (a procedure known as oophorectomy), you will go into surgical menopause. That means your body will see an immediate decline in estrogen and progesterone levels, which can cause symptoms like:
- Hot flashes
- Night sweats
- Vaginal dryness
- Mood swings
- Sleep disturbances
- Decreased libido
If your ovaries are left in place, these hormonal changes might not happen immediately, but some women may experience menopause earlier than the average age.
Emotional and psychological effects
It’s totally normal to feel a mix of emotions after a hysterectomy:
- Relief: For many women, the surgery brings an end to the chronic pain or heavy bleeding they’ve been suffering.
- Sense of loss: If you were hoping to have children or have a strong connection to your reproductive organs, you may experience feelings of loss or sadness.
- Mood changes: Hormonal changes, particularly if the ovaries are removed, can influence mood and may lead to feelings of depression or anxiety. If these feelings become more severe, consider speaking to your physician or seeing a psychiatrist.
Impact on sexual function
Sexual experiences and intimacy after a hysterectomy can vary from woman to woman, especially if they’ve gone through surgical menopause.
- Libido and sensation: Some women notice a drop in sexual desire or changes in sensation, especially if their ovaries are removed. However, others may find that sex is more enjoyable, since their previous symptoms, like pain or heavy bleeding, are gone.
- Vaginal changes: Vaginal dryness can occur, especially after menopause. If you experience dryness during intercourse, there are lubricants and treatments that can help. Speak with your OB/GYN to help guide you through your options.
Long-term health considerations
- Bone health: With the sudden drop in estrogen levels after ovary removal, your bones can become weaker over time and you may develop osteoporosis. Here’s how you can protect them:
- Engage in weight-bearing exercises (like walking or light strength training)
- Get enough calcium (anywhere from 1,000-1,300 mg depending on your age) and vitamin D (600 IU for people up to 70 years old). Talk to your doctor about how much is recommended for you!
- Discuss bone density monitoring with your healthcare provider
- Cardiovascular health: The decrease in estrogen may also elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Maintaining a heart-healthy habits can make a big difference for your heart health, such as:
- Eat a balanced, healthy diet
- Get regular exercise
- Keep up with routine medical check-ups.
- Pelvic floor support: Some women may experience pelvic organ prolapse or urinary incontinence after a hysterectomy. Pelvic floor strengthening exercises, like Kegels, can help maintain pelvic muscle tone.
- Fallopian tubes: Removing the fallopian tubes during a hysterectomy is a proactive step that offers several long-term health benefits. One of the most significant advantages is a reduced risk of ovarian cancer. Research suggests that many cases of ovarian cancer actually begin in the fallopian tubes, not the ovaries. By removing the tubes—a procedure called salpingectomy—the risk of developing this aggressive cancer is significantly lowered.
Recovery timeline
Recovery times can vary, but here’s a general idea based on the type of hysterectomy:
- Vaginal or robotic/laparoscopic hysterectomy: May involve a shorter hospital stay, with recovery periods ranging from two to four weeks.
- Abdominal hysterectomy: Expect to stay in the hospital for three to five days, with a full recovery spanning six to eight weeks.
Tips for a smooth recovery:
- Rest: Allow your body to heal by getting plenty of rest.
- Avoid heavy lifting: Refrain from lifting heavy objects (anything over 10-15 pounds, such as a toddler, grocery bags or a laundry basket) for at least four to six weeks post-surgery.
- Gradual activity: Ease back into physical activities slowly, listening to your body’s cues.
- Hydration and diet: Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and proteins to support healing. Get plenty of water to prevent constipation and help your body recover.
- Follow-up care: Go to all of your scheduled post-operative appointments to monitor your recovery and address any concerns.
Final thoughts
Having a hysterectomy is a significant surgical procedure that brings about various physical and emotional changes. Knowing what to expect can help ease the transition, support recovery and empower women to take charge of their long-term health.