Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a medical condition characterized by the formation of blood clots, or thrombi, within the deep veins of the body, typically in the legs. These clots have the potential to interrupt normal blood circulation, leading to a variety of complications. Deep vein thrombosis often is a silent and asymptomatic condition, but its consequences can be severe. Complications include the risk of a clot dislodging and migrating to the lungs, resulting in a life-threatening pulmonary embolism. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms and preventive measures associated with deep vein thrombosis is crucial for early detection and intervention. If found and treated early, complications can be avoided, and patients can receive better outcomes.
Who is at risk of developing DVT?
An individual may have a higher risk of developing DVT if he or she has one or more of the following risk factors:
- Advanced age
- Smoking
- Immobility
- Pregnancy
- Past surgery or trauma that impacted the vascular system
It’s essential for those 60 or older, or those with multiple risk factors, to be aware of the signs and symptoms of DVT and to consult with a vascular specialist for appropriate preventive measures and management.
What are the symptoms of DVT?
Many individuals with deep vein thrombosis will not present with symptoms. While DVT is often asymptomatic, some signs and symptoms an individual may have the condition include:
- Swelling in one or both legs, often accompanied by a tight or heavy sensation
- Pain or tenderness that often starts in the calf, resembling soreness or cramping
- Warmth and redness in the skin around the area of the blood clot
- Enlarged veins
Individuals with risk factors such as recent surgery or a family history of blood clots should stay cautious as DVT can occur without noticeable symptoms. A dislodged blood clot can lead to a pulmonary embolism, a medical emergency marked by symptoms such as sudden shortness of breath and chest pain, requiring immediate attention and diagnostic tests for confirmation.
How is DVT diagnosed?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is diagnosed through a combination of medical evaluation and imaging tests. A vascular specialist will learn more about your symptoms and check for signs of a blood clot, such as swelling, tenderness and discoloration.
- Gathering of medical history and performing a physical examination
- Imaging tests, such as ultrasound, MRI or CT scan.
- Other procedures or tests to identify and locate blood clots.
The diagnostic method chosen will depend on the individual’s symptoms, medical history and the healthcare provider’s recommendation. Early and accurate diagnosis of DVT is crucial to initiate prompt and effective treatment, reducing the risk of complications.
How is DVT treated?
Deep vein thrombosis is usually treated with medication to prevent the blood clot from growing larger. However, a treatment plan for DVT can include a mix of the following:
- Taking blood-thinning medications
- Wearing compression socks or stockings
- Elevating the affected leg or legs
- Monitoring the condition regularly
- Having surgery or other procedures to prevent complications
If there are extensive DVT blood clots in the thighs and pelvis causing significant discomfort, a thrombectomy procedure can be performed. During this procedure, a needle and catheter are inserted into the vein behind the knee or in the groin. A suction catheter is then used to remove the blood clots. If there is a narrowing in the vein that caused the blockage, this area can be ballooned back open and stented if needed. This provides rapid relief of symptoms.
Why Choose Georgia Heart Institute?
As the leading heart and vascular program in the region, the Vascular Center of Northeast Georgia Physicians Group, in partnership with Georgia Heart Institute, offers a team of highly skilled, fellowship-trained surgeons who perform thousands of surgeries annually. Leveraging advanced technology, our commitment is to ensure optimal outcomes for our patients. Early intervention by our fellowship-trained surgeons plays a crucial role in mitigating the risk of complications associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other vascular conditions.
Vascular Care at Georgia Heart Institute
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